Public Health Merit Badge

Overview

The field of public health deals with maintaining and monitoring the health of communities, and with the detection, cure, and prevention of health risks and diseases. Although public health is generally seen as a community-oriented service, it actually starts with the individual. From a single individual to the family unit to the smallest isolated rural town to the worldwide global community, one person can influence the health of many.

Requirements

(1) Do the following:
- (a) Explain what public health is.
  
  Resources: What Is Public Health?? (video), What Is Public Health? Crash Course Public Health #1 (video), Why Public Health Matters (video)
- (b) Explain how Escherichia coli (E. coli), tetanus, AIDS, encephalitis, salmonellosis, Lyme disease, and coronavirus (COVID-19) are contracted.
  
  Resources: Food Safety: Avoiding E. coli (video), What Is Tetanus and How Do You Get It? (video), Salmonella (video), 5 Tips to Prevent Tick Bites and Getting Lyme Disease (video), How the COVID-19 Virus Is Transmitted (video)
- (c) Choose any four of the following diseases and explain how each one is contracted and possibly prevented: gonorrhea, West Nile virus, botulism, influenza, syphilis, hepatitis, emphysema, meningitis, herpes, or lead poisoning.
  
  Resources: West Nile Story (West Nile Virus Prevention Rap) (video), 6 Types of Botulism: Food, Infant, Wound & More Explained! (video), How Does the Flu Spread? (video), Emphysema, Explained in 90 Seconds (video), The Signs and Symptoms of Meningitis (video), Why Lead Poisoning Is a Danger to Your Child’s Health | UNICEF (video)
- (d) For all 10 diseases from 1(c), explain the type or form of the disease (viral, bacterial, environmental, toxin), any possible vectors for transmission, ways to help prevent exposure or the spread of infection, and available treatments.
  
  Resources: How West Nile Virus Is Transmitted (video), What Is Botulism? (video), Flu Virus 101 (video), About COPD or Emphysema (website), Meningitis (website), Lead Poisoning (website)
(2) Do the following:
- (a) Explain the meaning of immunization.
  
  Resources: Vaccines 101: How Vaccines Work (video), How mRNA Vaccines Actually Work | Inside the Vaccine (video)
- (b) Name eight diseases against which a young child should be immunized, two diseases against which everyone should be reimmunized periodically, and one immunization everyone should receive annually.
  
  Resources: What You Need To Know About Childhood Immunizations (podcast), Vaccines for Children Program: 30 Years of Protecting Children (video)
- (c) Using the list of diseases and conditions in requirement 1, discuss with your counselor those which currently have no immunization available.
(3) Discuss the importance of safe drinking water in terms of the spread of disease. Then, demonstrate two ways for making water safe to drink that can be used while at camp. In your demonstration, explain how dishes and utensils should be washed, dried, and kept sanitary at home and in camp.

Resources: Waterborne Diseases | Waterborne Pathogens | Public Health and Water Safety | Prevention & Control (video), The Best Way to Filter Water While Backpacking (video), How to Wash Dishes at Camp (video)
(4) Explain what a vector is and how insects and rodents can be controlled in your home, in your community, and at camp. Tell why this is important. In your discussion, explain which vectors can be easily controlled by individuals and which ones require long-term, collective action.

Resources: WHO Vector Borne Disease Animation (video)
(5) With your parent or guardian’s and counselor’s approval, do ONE of the following:
- (a) Visit a municipal wastewater treatment facility or a solid-waste management operation in your community.
- (1) Describe how the facility safely treats and disposes of sewage or solid waste.
- (2) Discuss your visit and what you learned with your counselor.
- (3) Describe how sewage and solid waste should be disposed of under wilderness camping conditions.
- (b) Visit a food service facility, such as a restaurant or school cafeteria.
- (1) Observe food preparation, handling, and storage. Learn how the facility keeps food from becoming contaminated.
- (2) Find out what conditions allow microorganisms to multiply in food, what can be done to help prevent them from growing and spreading, and how to kill them.
  
  Resources: Food Safety: Meet Bacteria (video)
- (3) Discuss the importance of using a thermometer to check food temperatures.
  
  Resources: The Importance of Cooking to a Safe Internal Temperature and How To Use a Food Thermometer (video)
- (4) Discuss your visit and what you learned with your counselor.
(6) Do the following:
- (a) Describe the health dangers from air, water, and noise pollution.
  
  Resources: Breathe Life—How Air Pollution Impacts Your Body (video), 8 Effects of Water Pollution on Our Health (video), Noise Pollution Is Much Worse for You Than You Think (video)
- (b) Describe health dangers from tobacco use and alcohol and drug abuse.
  
  Resources: Teen Substance Use & Abuse (Alcohol, Tobacco, Vaping, Marijuana, and More) (video), Electronic Cigarettes and Vaping (video)
- (c) Describe the health dangers from abusing illegal and prescription drugs.
  
  Resources: Drug Abuse, Causes, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment (video)
(7) With your parent or guardian’s and counselor’s approval, do the following:
- (a) Do ONE of the following
  - (1) Visit your city, county, state or federal public health agency.
    
    Resources: Find Your Health Department (website)
  - (2) Familiarize yourself with your city, county, state, or a federal health agency’s website.
- (b) After completing either 7(a) do the following:
  - (1) Compare the four leading causes of mortality (death) in your community for any of the past five years with the four leading causes of disease in your community. Explain how the public health agency you visited is trying to reduce the mortality and morbidity rates of these leading causes of illness and death.
    
    Resources: National Vital Statistics System (website)
  - (2) Explain the role of your health agency as it relates to the outbreak of diseases.
    
    Resources: How Does Public Health Tackle Outbreaks? (video)
  - (3) Discuss the kinds of public assistance the agency is able to provide in case of disasters such as floods, storms, tornadoes, earthquakes, and other acts of destruction. Your discussion can include the cleanup necessary after the disaster.
    
    Resources: FEMA’s Role in Disaster Relief (video)
(8) Pick a profession in the public health sector that interests you. Find out the education, training, and experience required to work in this profession. Discuss what you learn with your counselor.

Resources: Career in Public Health| Everything You Need to Know Public Health Careers| Healthcare Management (video), Public Health Careers at the CDC (video), Why Study Public Health? | College Majors | College Degrees (video)

Resources

Note: This is an unofficial archive of Scouts BSA Merit Badges that was automatically extracted from the Scouting America website and may contain errors.